In addition to having a psychiatrist as president and one on the board, APA members also have been elected or appointed to
key policymaking councils of the AMA; these include, in addition to McIntyre and Gitlow, Louis Kraus, M.D., who is a member
of the Council on Science and Public Health; and Alfred Herzog, M.D., and Clifford Moy, M.D., who are on the Council on Long-Range
Planning and Development. (The latter council makes recommendations to the AMA's board regarding important strategic issues
and directions related to the AMA's vision, goals, and priorities.)